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Project Gutenberg, founded in 1971, is the oldest producer and distributor of free ebooks.

According to Michael Hart (March 8, 1947 – September 6, 2011), founder of Project Gutenberg, the mission of Project Gutenberg is simple: to encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks.
This mission is, as much as possible, to encourage all those who are interested in making eBooks and helping to give them away.

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British mathematician, logician, philosopher, & public intellectual Bertrand Russell was born #OTD in 1872.

One of Russell's most significant achievements is the co-authorship of "Principia Mathematica" (1910-1913) with Alfred North Whitehead. His works, such as "The Problems of Philosophy" (1912) & "Our Knowledge of the External World" (1914), explored issues related to knowledge, perception, & the scientific method.

Books by Bertrand Russell at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/355

#books #literature

Cover of Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy by Bertrand Russell. Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy is a book (1919 first edition) by philosopher Bertrand Russell, in which the author seeks to create an accessible introduction to various topics within the foundations of mathematics. According to the preface, the book is intended for those with only limited knowledge of mathematics and no prior experience with the mathematical logic it deals with. Accordingly, it is often used in introductory philosophy of mathematics courses at institutions of higher education.

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"Physics is mathematical not because we know so much about the physical world, but because we know so little: it is only its mathematical properties that we can discover."

An Outline of Philosophy Ch.15 The Nature of our Knowledge of Physics (1927)

"The pursuit of philosophy is founded on the belief that knowledge is good, even if what is known is painful."

Philosophy for Laymen (1946)

~Bertrand Russell (1872-1955)

#books #physics #mathematics #philosophy

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“Feindre d’ignorer ce qu’on sait, de savoir tout ce que l’on ignore... voilà toute la politique.”
Le Mariage de Figaro (1778)

French polymath cha died #OTD in 1799.

He is best known for his classic plays, particularly "The Barber of Seville" and "The Marriage of Figaro," which form part of the Figaro trilogy. These works were adapted into famous operas by Gioachino Rossini and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart respectively.

Books by Pierre Beaumarchais at PG:
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Illustratiion dans l'édition originale du Mariage de Figaro de Beaumarchais

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in 1902.

Greek archaeologist Valerios Stais discovers the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient mechanical analog computer.

The mechanism is composed of at least 30 bronze gears housed in a wooden frame. It features dials, pointers, and inscriptions that correspond to various astronomical cycles. The front dial is believed to show the zodiac and the solar and lunar calendars, while the back dials include the Metonic, Saros & Callippic cycles.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antikythera_mechanism

Computer-generated back panel Tony Freeth - Original publication: The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project Immediate The Antikythera Mechanism Research Project

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in 1863.

Rosalía de Castro publishes Cantares Gallegos, the first book in the Galician language.

The book is framed between poems 1 and 36, which constitute respectively the prologue and epilogue. It also manifests a circular structure as it begins with a composition in which a young girl who is invited to sing takes the voice and ends with the same voice of the girl who apologizes for her lack of ability to sing the beauties of Galicia.

https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/59037

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French composer and pianist Erik Satie was born in 1866.

In the 1880s he began composing works, mostly for solo piano, such as his Gymnopédies and Gnossiennes. He is known for his unconventional and innovative approach to music. He is often considered a precursor to movements such as minimalism, surrealism, and the avant-garde. Satie's work was influential to many 20th-century composers, including Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.

https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Erik_Satie

Satie Gymnopedie No. 3 for piano solo

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#OTD in 1900.

The first copies of the children's novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum were printed by the George M. Hill Company.

During the subsequent decades after the novel's publication in 1900, it received little critical analysis from scholars of children's literature. This lack of interest stemmed from the scholars' misgivings about fantasy, as well as to their belief that lengthy series had little literary merit.

https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/43936

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English poet, author and critic Edmund Gosse died in 1928.

Gosse's father, Philip Henry Gosse, was a renowned naturalist, and their complex relationship is detailed in Edmund Gosse's memoir, "Father and Son" (1907), which remains one of his most famous works. In addition to "Father and Son," he wrote numerous other works, including poetry collections, biographies, and literary criticism.

Books by Edmund Gosse at PG:
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Cover of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments by Edmund Gosse

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American nurse midwife and the founder of the Frontier Nursing Service Mary Carson Breckinridge died in 1965.

In 1925, she founded the FNS, which aimed to improve maternal and infant health by providing midwifery and nursing care to families in the Appalachian mountains. Her efforts also helped to elevate the role of nurse-midwives in the United States and contributed to advancements in rural healthcare delivery.

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in 1888.

Nikola Tesla delivers a lecture describing the equipment which will allow efficient generation and use of alternating currents to transmit electric power over long distances.

Experiments with alternate currents of very high frequency and their application to methods of artificial illumination. By Nikola Tesla

https://teslasciencecenter.org/announcements/experiments-with-alternate-currents-of-very-high-frequency-and-their-application-to-methods-of-artificial-illumination-by-nikola-tesla/

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in 1925.

The first modern performance of Claudio Monteverdi's opera Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria occurred in Paris.

Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria is an opera consisting of a prologue and five acts (later revised to three), set by Monteverdi to a libretto by Giacomo Badoaro. The opera was first performed at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice during the 1639–1640 carnival season. The story is taken from the second half of Homer's Odyssey.

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British poet Felicia Dorothea Hemans died in 1835.

Some of her most famous poems include "Casabianca," which begins with the memorable line "The boy stood on the burning deck," and "The Homes of England," which celebrates the virtues of home and family. Hemans also wrote historical and romantic poetry, drawing inspiration from literature, history, and mythology.

Books by or about Felicia Hemans at PG:
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"Ye may trace my step o'er the wakening earth,
By the winds which tell of the violet's birth,
By the primrose-stars in the shadowy grass,
By the green leaves, opening as I pass."

The Poetical Works of Felicia Dorothea Hemans (1914)

~Felicia Dorothea Hemans (25 September 1793 – 16 May 1835)

#books #literature #poetry

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in 1916.

Natsume Sōseki's novel Light and Darkness (明暗, Mei An) begins to be serialized in the Tokyo and Osaka editions of the newspaper Asahi Shimbun, but will remain unfinished at the author's death on December 9, aged 49.

Works by Natsume Sōseki at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2905

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Dutch poet, literary critic, & essayist Albert Verwey was born in 1865.

Verwey was a central figure in the Dutch literary movement known as the Tachtigers, which sought to revolutionize Dutch poetry by emphasizing individualism, emotion, and innovative language and form. The Tachtigers rejected the conventional poetic styles & themes of their time, advocating for a more personal and introspective approach to poetry.

Books by Albert Verwey at PG:
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Cover of Holland en de oorlog by Albert Verwey

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"There are tones so high
And so low
That human ears
Cannot hear them.
It's possible, living
In forest or hedge
That birds hide from us
Singing until the morning."

Silent Night

~Albert Verwey (May 15, 1865 – March 8, 1937)

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@frhuy Thanks for sharing!

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Scottish astronomer Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming was born #OTD in 1857.

Fleming's most significant contributions came in the field of stellar classification. She developed a system for classifying stars based on their spectra, which became known as the Harvard Classification Scheme. In 1890, she published the first catalog of stellar spectra, which contained over 10,000 stars classified according to her system.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_classification#Harvard_spectral_classification

#books #astronomy #womeninscience

Harvard Computers working in a room in the new brick building, built in 1892. According to the information of a calendar shown in the image, this photo taken in March 1898. Williamina Fleming is standing. Immediatly in front of her are Evelyn Leland (back row center) and Ida E. Woods to the right. The rest are unknown, but the woman closest to the camera could be Annie Jump Cannon. This description is based on http://heawww.harvard.edu/~fine/Observatory/eleland.html#ComputersBrickBuilding Photo credit: UAV 630.271 (E4116), olvwork432388. Harvard University Archives.

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"If I can stop one heart from breaking,
I shall not live in vain;
If I can ease one life the aching,
Or cool one pain,
Or help one fainting robin
Unto his nest again,
I shall not live in vain."
Life, p. 6 - Collected Poems (1993)

American lyric poet Emily Dickinson died in 1888. Although she wrote 1789 poems, only a few of them were published in her lifetime, all anonymously, and some perhaps without her knowledge.

Emily Dickinson at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/996

Cover of the first edition of Poems, published in 1890

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#OTD in 1618.

Johannes Kepler confirms his previously rejected discovery of the third law of planetary motion (he first discovered it on March 8 but soon rejected the idea after some initial calculations were made).

The elliptical orbits of planets were indicated by calculations of the orbit of Mars. The third law expresses that the farther a planet is from the Sun, the slower its orbital speed, and vice versa.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion

#science #astronomy

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British novelist, dramatist, short story writer, poet and critic Hall Caine was born in 1853.

Caine's most famous work is "The Manxman," published in 1894. Caine's other novels include "The Deemster" (1887), "The Scapegoat" (1891), "The Eternal City" (1901), and "The Christian" (1897), among many others. He also wrote several plays, including adaptations of his own novels for the stage.

Books by Hall Caine at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/591

1895 Poster advertising The Shadow of a Crime. "The Shadow of a Crime: A Cumbrian Romance" is a novel written by Hall Caine, first published in 1885. Set in the rugged landscapes of the Lake District in Cumbria, England, the novel tells the story of young Stephen Orry, who struggles to uncover the truth about his family's dark past. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/14262

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English writer of adventure fiction romances H. Rider Haggard died #OTD in 1925.

Haggard's most famous work is "King Solomon's Mines," published in 1885. Haggard's other works include "Allan Quatermain" (1887), "Jess" (1887), "Nada the Lily" (1892), "The People of the Mist" (1894), and "The Brethren" (1904), among many others.

Books by H. Rider Haggard at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/365

#books #literature

Cover of The People of the Mist by H. Rider Haggard. "The People of the Mist" is an adventure novel written by H. Rider Haggard, first published in 1894. Set in the late 17th century, the novel follows the journey of Leonard Outram, a young Englishman who travels to the wilds of Africa in search of adventure and fortune.

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in 1925.

Virginia Woolf's novel Mrs Dalloway is published by the Hogarth Press in Bloomsbury, London.

The working title of Mrs Dalloway was The Hours. The novel originated from 2 short stories, "Mrs Dalloway in Bond Street" & the unfinished "The Prime Minister". In autumn 1922, Woolf began to think of the "Mrs. Dalloway" short story as the first chapter of her new novel, and she completed the manuscript in late autumn 1924.

Mrs. Dalloway at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/71865

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German composer and pianist Fanny Mendelssohn died #OTD in 1847.

Among Fanny´s most celebrated works are her piano compositions, including "Das Jahr", and her collection of songs, which are noted for their sensitivity and intimacy. Despite facing challenges as a female composer, Fanny's musical talents were widely recognized within her family circle, and she played a significant role in shaping her brother Felix's musical development.

https://www.cpdl.org/wiki/index.php/Fanny_Hensel

#art #music

Beginning of April from the sutie 'Das Jahr', music by Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel, artwork by Wilhelm Hensel.
Fanny Hensel: January, composition from the piano cycle The Year, autograph with a vignette of her husband Wilhelm Hensel, written after the trip to Italy in 1839/40

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French illustrator, etcher, lithographer, caricaturist, and novelist Albert Robida was born #OTD in 1848.

One of Robida's most significant contributions to literature and art was his pioneering work in the genre of science fiction. He was a visionary artist who imagined futuristic worlds filled with advanced technology, air travel, space exploration, and other innovations that were ahead of his time.

Books by Albert Robida at PG:
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/1043

#books #literature #illustration

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