marc_veld

marc_veld, 23 days ago

It has well-known family members. Those working with animals will likely be familiar with the many Eimeria species. These are the cause of the disease coccidiosis, in animals such as chickens, cattle and horses. Humans do not seem to be hosts to Eimeria, but Cryptosporidium.
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marc_veld, 23 days ago

More infamous is Toxoplasma gondii, which can give flu-like symptoms or be asymptomatic. It can result in behavioural changes. Around 50% of humans have been exposed to this parasite
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marc_veld, 23 days ago

Most infamous are Plasmodium species, which are the cause of the disease Malaria, one of the biggest diseases in the world, causing too many victims each year.

All these parasites are apicomplexan, with complex life cycles.
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marc_veld, 23 days ago

Cryptosporidium has been around for a long time, and every time there are reports it has contaminated drinking water. Outbreaks in the UK have been reduced since 2000 https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/13/4/06-0890_article, but still happen regularly, in many countries https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/1/12-0386_article
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marc_veld, 23 days ago

Cryptosporidiosis is a disease that causes watery diarrhoea, beginning 2 to 10 days (average 7 days) after infection and lasting 1 to 2 weeks. The best prevention is ensuring good hygiene, especially when preparing food.

https://www.cdc.gov/cryptosporidium/about/
https://ukhsa.blog.gov.uk/2024/05/17/what-is-cryptosporidium-and-how-can-you-avoid-it-in-the-water-or-on-the-farm/
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marc_veld, 23 days ago

The restrictions and heightened hygiene awareness during the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced parasite infections over the past years. But as frequently seen, they bounce back when restrictions are lifted https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.09.26.22280357v3.
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marc_veld, 28 days ago

This study is used, and the informed reader immediately recognises MDPI. This should immediately raise a 🚩. Not everything in MDPI is bad, it is just not where you find the best science, peer-review, or any real breakthroughs. This paper is no exception.

2/10

marc_veld, 1 month ago

The available data clearly point to a natural zoonotic emergence within, or closely linked to, the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market in Wuhan. There is no direct evidence linking the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 to laboratory work conducted at the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
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marc_veld, 2 months ago

for children. There are several reasons for this:
-Childbirth. HBV tests are good but can miss infected mothers.
-Surfaces, toys, any item, and other children can be a source of infection.

-Infections in children can cause chronic infections with severe consequences.
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marc_veld, 3 months ago

Infections can activate hepcidin transcription, which controls iron absorption in the duodenum and iron release from iron storage sites, such as reticuloendothelial macrophages and hepatocytes, due to the cytokines produced.
Increased hepcidin levels reduce ferroportin, an
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marc_veld, 3 months ago

iron exporter, thereby inhibiting iron release. This can be a physiological reaction, limiting iron for pathogens to grow and function. But, if this lasts for a prolonged time, it can result in anaemia, a reduction in red blood cells- Iron is required for many cells,
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marc_veld, 3 months ago

including B and T cells. This, and iron storage in macrophages inhibiting their function, may contribute to delayed disease resolution, persistent T cell and B cell lymphopenia, and an increased ratio of activated/naive T cells.
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marc_veld, 3 months ago

The phenotype is often reported for longcovid patients. Iron dysregulation, contributes to acute COVID-19, and correlates with post-acute sequelae. Importantly, it may explain tiredness, low energy levels and reduced immune function.
There are two important implications.
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marc_veld, 3 months ago

If validated, it provides early biomarkers of those at risk of long-term effects of infections. Even more important, iron dysregulation can therapeutically be restored. However, may not be as easy as taking iron, and please do not experiment with this at home!
8/10

marc_veld, 3 months ago

Iron regulation is an important strategy to inhibit bacterial growth. It is not clear if it has any impact on viral propagation. Some indications may come from Thalassaemia patients, who have high iron retention and seem more virus-resistant.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jcmm.17026
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marc_veld, 3 months ago

Low iron is observed in women of menstrual age, which correlates with a higher LC incidence. Although it appears many puzzle pieces are falling into place, please do not undertake any unsupervised action. These data and potential treatments need to be validated first.
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