What’s the principal outcome of all these agricultural policies?
Decimation of livelihood in the Indian countryside leading to the largest internal migration within any country in modern history (you can call it internal displacement, sub-national refugees, asylum seekers) from the rural to the urban.
And no, before you jump in, this urbanization is no sign of progress. No viable replacement for their livelihoods has been created. The manufacturing sector remains teetering, and the high tech service sector is saturated. The primary education system is criminally underfunded, opportunities to reskill hardly exist. Most important of all, even with skills and training, some of the highest levels of unemployment while we can boast of having the 5th largest economy. Meanwhile, the two richest Indian billionaires must have worked so hard that they now are combined wealthier than two of the relatively wealthy states (Punjab and Haryana). If there is anything that has a sensational growth that any economist can be proud of, it’s the rate of growth of inequality in India.