Partially…they can survive and regenerate if it’s towards the end part, towards the middle and the head you’ll end up with a dead worm
Regeneration depends on the species of earthworm and the amount of damage to the worm where it has been cut, but many worms are able to regenerate and replace a lost tail.
They cannot survive if the front part of their body between the head and saddle is cut (where much of their major organs are). It’s also a common misconception that if you cut them in half they can make two new worms, unfortunately they will likely just die (or potentially the head end may survive). source
But please don’t go around experimenting with them!